This section is still under contruction.
- Effects in electronic devices caused by the passage of a single particle (typically a heavy ion) that deposits charge. This may result in a bit flip or a transient pulse.
- Electronic devices typically experience parameter/performance degradation to the accumulation of trapped charged by the passage of energetic particles.
- Electronic devices (particulary optical devices) can have atoms in their sensitive volume displaced by passing energetic particles. This can lead to parameter/performace degradation
